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Dispositions of oil and natural gas properties
are accounted for as adjustments to capitalized costs with no gain
or loss recognized, unless such adjustments would significantly
alter the relationship between capitalized costs and proved reserves.
The net capitalized costs of proved
oil and natural gas properties are subject to a "ceiling test,"
which limits such costs to the estimated present value, discounted
at a 10% interest rate, of future net revenues from proved reserves,
based on current economic and operating conditions. If net capitalized
costs exceed this limit, the excess is charged to operations through
depreciation, depletion and amortization. No write-down of the Company's
oil and natural gas assets was necessary in 2000, 2001 or 2002.
Based on oil and natural gas prices in effect on December 31, 2001,
the unamortized cost of oil and natural gas properties exceeded
the cost center ceiling. As permitted by full cost accounting rules,
improvements in pricing subsequent to December 31, 2001 removed
the necessity to record a write-down. Using prices in effect on
December 31, 2001 the pretax writedown would have been approximately
$0.7 million. Because of the volatility of oil and natural gas prices,
no assurance can be given that the Company will not experience a
write-down in future periods.
Depreciation of other property and equipment
is provided using the straight-line method based on estimated useful
lives ranging from five to 10 years.
Oil and Natural Gas Reserve Estimates
The process of estimating quantities of
proved reserves is inherently uncertain, and the reserve data included
in this document are estimates prepared by Ryder Scott Company and
Fairchild & Wells, Inc., Independent Petroleum Engineers. Reserve
engineering is a subjective process of estimating underground accumulations
of hydrocarbons that cannot be measured in an exact manner. The
process relies on interpretation of available geologic, geophysical,
engineering and production data. The extent, quality and reliability
of this data can vary. The process also requires certain economic
assumptions regarding drilling and operating expense, capital expenditures,
taxes and availability of funds. The SEC mandates some of these
assumptions such as oil and natural gas prices and the present value
discount rate.
Proved reserve estimates prepared by others
may be substantially higher or lower than the Company's estimates.
Because these estimates depend on many assumptions, all of which
may differ from actual results, reserve quantities actually recovered
may be significantly different than estimated. Material revisions
to reserve estimates may be made depending on the results of drilling,
testing, and rates of production.
You should not assume that the present
value of future net cash flows is the current market value of the
Company's estimated proved reserves. In accordance with SEC requirements,
the Company based the estimated discounted future net cash flows
from proved reserves on prices and costs on the date of the estimate.
The Company's rate of recording depreciation,
depletion and amortization expense for proved properties is dependent
on the Company's estimate of proved reserves. If these reserve estimates
decline, the rate at which the Company records these expenses will
increase.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards
Board ("FASB") issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
("SFAS") No. 133 "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging
Activities". This statement, as amended by SFAS No. 137 and SFAS
No. 138, establishes standards of accounting for and disclosures
of derivative instruments and hedging activities. This statement
requires all derivative instruments to be carried on the balance
sheet at fair value with changes in a derivative instrument's fair
value recognized currently in earnings unless specific hedge accounting
criteria are met. SFAS No. 133 was effective for the Company beginning
January 1, 2001 and was adopted by the Company on that date. In
accordance with the current transition provisions of SFAS No. 133,
the Company recorded a cumulative effect transition adjustment of
$2.0 million (net of related tax expense of $1.1 million) in accumulated
other comprehensive income to recognize the fair value of its derivatives
designated as cash flow hedging instruments at the date of adoption.
Upon entering into a derivative contract,
the Company designates the derivative instruments as a hedge of
the variability of cash flow to be received (cash flow hedge). Changes
in the fair value of a cash flow hedge are recorded in other comprehensive
income to the extent that the derivative is effective in offsetting
changes in the fair value of the hedged item. Any ineffectiveness
in the relationship between the cash flow hedge and the hedged item
is recognized currently in income. Gains and losses accumulated
in other comprehensive income associated with the cash flow hedge
are recognized in earnings as oil and natural gas revenues when
the forecasted transaction occurs. All of the Company's derivative
instruments at January 1, 2001, December 31, 2001 and December 31,
2002 were designated and effective as cash flow hedges except for
its positions with an affiliate of Enron Corp. discussed in Note
12.
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