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We generate wastes that may be subject
to the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act ("RCRA") and
comparable state statutes. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
("EPA") and various state agencies have limited the approved methods
of disposal for certain hazardous and nonhazardous wastes. Furthermore,
certain wastes generated by our natural gas and oil operations that
are currently exempt from treatment as "hazardous wastes" may in
the future be designated as "hazardous wastes" and therefore become
subject to more rigorous and costly operating and disposal requirements.
We currently own or lease numerous properties
that for many years have been used for the exploration and production
of natural gas and oil. Although we believe that we have implemented
appropriate operating and waste disposal practices, prior owners
and operators of these properties may not have used similar practices,
and hydrocarbons or other wastes may have been disposed of or released
on or under the properties we own or lease or on or under locations
where such wastes have been taken for disposal. In addition, many
of these properties have been operated by third parties whose treatment
and disposal or release of hydrocarbons or other wastes was not
under our control. These properties and the wastes disposed thereon
may be subject to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation
and Liability Act ("CERCLA"), RCRA and analogous state laws as well
as state laws governing the management of natural gas and oil wastes.
Under these laws, we could be required to remove or remediate previously
disposed wastes (including wastes disposed of or released by prior
owners or operators) or property contamination (including groundwater
contamination) or to perform remedial plugging operations to prevent
future contamination. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operations--Risk Factors--We
are subject to various governmental regulations and environmental
risks."
CERCLA, also known as the "Superfund"
law, and analogous state laws impose liability, without regard to
fault or the legality of the original conduct, on specified classes
of persons that are considered to have contributed to the release
of a "hazardous substance" into the environment. These classes of
persons include the owner or operator of the disposal site or sites
where the release occurred and companies that disposed or arranged
for the disposal of the hazardous substances found at the site.
Persons who are or were responsible for releases of hazardous substances
under CERCLA may be subject to joint and several liability for the
costs of cleaning up the hazardous substances that have been released
into the environment, for damages to natural resources and for the
costs of certain health studies, and it is not uncommon for neighboring
landowners and other third parties to file claims for personal injury
and property damage allegedly caused by the hazardous substances
released into the environment.
Our operations may be subject to the Clean
Air Act ("CAA") and comparable state and local requirements. In
1990 Congress adopted amendments to the CAA containing provisions
that have resulted in the gradual imposition of certain pollution
control requirements with respect to air emissions from our operations.
The EPA and states have developed and continue to develop regulations
to implement these requirements. We may be required to incur certain
capital expenditures in the next several years for air pollution
control equipment in connection with maintaining or obtaining operating
permits and approvals addressing other air emission-related issues.
However, we do not believe our operations will be materially adversely
affected by any such requirements.
Federal regulations require certain owners
or operators of facilities that store or otherwise handle oil, such
as us, to prepare and implement spill prevention, control, countermeasure
("SPCC") and response plans relating to the possible discharge of
oil into surface waters. The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 ("OPA") contains
numerous requirements relating to the prevention of and response
to oil spills into waters of the United States. The OPA subjects
owners of facilities to strict joint and several liability for all
containment and cleanup costs and certain other damages arising
from a spill, including, but not limited to, the costs of responding
to a release of oil to surface waters. The OPA also requires owners
and operators of offshore facilities that could be the source of
an oil spill into federal or state waters, including wetlands, to
post a bond, letter of credit or other form of financial assurance
in amounts ranging from $10 million in specified state waters to
$35 million in federal outer continental shelf waters to cover costs
that could be incurred by governmental authorities in responding
to an oil spill. These financial assurances may be increased by
as much as $150 million if a formal risk assessment indicates that
the increase is warranted. Noncompliance with OPA may result in
varying civil and criminal penalties and liabilities. Our operations
are also subject to the federal Clean Water Act ("CWA") and analogous
state laws. In accordance with the CWA, the State of Louisiana issued
regulations prohibiting discharges of produced water in state coastal
waters effective July 1, 1997. Pursuant to other requirements of
the CWA, the EPA has adopted regulations concerning discharges of
storm water runoff. This program requires covered facilities to
obtain individual permits or seek coverage under an EPA general
permit. Like OPA, the CWA and analogous state laws relating to the
control of water pollution provide varying civil and criminal penalties
and liabilities for releases of petroleum or its derivatives into
surface waters or into the ground.
We also are subject to a variety of federal,
state and local permitting and registration requirements relating
to protection of the environment. We believe we are in substantial
compliance with current applicable environmental laws and regulations
and that continued compliance with existing requirements will not
have a material adverse effect on us.
As further described in "--Significant
Areas--Other Areas of Interest--Rocky Mountain Region," the issuance
of new coalbed
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