| |
continue to develop regulations to
implement these requirements. We may be required to incur certain
capital expenditures in the next several years for air pollution
control equipment in connection with maintaining or obtaining operating
permits and approvals addressing other air emission-related issues.
However, we do not believe our operations will be materially adverselyaffected
by any such requirements.
Federal regulations require
certain owners or operators of facilities that store or otherwise
handle oil, such as us, to prepareand implement spill prevention,
control, countermeasure (SPCC) and response plans relating
to the possible discharge of oil into surface waters. The Oil Pollution
Act of 1990 (OPA) contains numerous requirements relating
to the prevention of and response to oil spills into waters of the
United States. The OPA subjects owners of facilities to strict joint
and several liability for all containment and cleanup costs and
certain other damages arising from a spill, including, but not limited
to, the costs of responding to a release of oil to surface waters.
The OPA also requires owners and operators of offshore facilities
that couldbe the source of an oil spill into federal or state waters,
including wetlands, to post a bond, letter of credit or other form
offinancial assurance in amounts ranging from $10 million in specified
state waters to $35 million in federal outer continental shelf waters
to cover costs that could be incurred by governmental authorities
in responding to an oil spill. These financial assurances may be
increased by as much as $150 million if a formal risk assessment
indicates that the increase is warranted. Noncompliance with OPA
may result in varying civil and criminal penalties and liabilities.
Our operations are also subject to the federal Clean Water Act (CWA)
and analogous state laws. In accordance with the CWA, the State
of Louisiana issued regulations prohibiting discharges of produced
water in state coastal waters effective July 1, 1997. Pursuant to
other requirements of the CWA, the EPA has adopted regulations concerning
discharges of storm water runoff. This program requires covered
facilities to obtain individual permits or seek coverage under an
EPA general permit. Like OPA, the CWA and analogous state laws relating
to the control of water pollution provide varying civil and criminal
penalties and liabilitiesfor releases of petroleum or its derivatives
into surface waters or into the ground.
We also are subject to a
variety of federal, state, local and international permitting and
registration requirements relating toprotection of the environment.
We believe we are in substantial compliance with current applicable
environmental laws and regulations and that continued compliance
with existing requirements will not have a material adverse effect
on us.
Our offshore operations in
the U.K. North Sea and onshore operations in the U.S. are subject
to similar regulations covering permit requirements and the discharge
of oil and other contaminants in connection with drilling operations.
Coalbed Methane Proceedings
in Montana
The issuance of new coalbed
methane drilling permits in Montana was halted temporarily pending
the Federal Bureau of Land Managements (BLM) approval
of a final record of decision on Montanas Resource Management
Plan environmental impact statement and the Montana Department of
Environmental Qualitys approval of a statewide oil and gas
environmental impact statement. These two program approvals were
obtained in April and August of 2003, respectively. Environmental
groups initiated six lawsuits, challenging these program approvals.
On February 25, 2005, the Federal District Court for the District
of Montana issued an opinion in Northern Plains Resource Council
v. BLM and a companion case vacating BLMs approval of the
state plan and remanding the plan to BLM for further consideration.
The Court further entered an order limiting the issuance of federal
drilling permits to 500 per year and placed additional restrictions
on certain operations. Various parties appealed these orders to
the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. On May 31, 2005, the Ninth Circuit
entered an order halting the issuance of any new permits pending
their review of the parties various appeals. Oral argument
was held in the case on September 15, 2005. On September 11, 2007,
the Ninth Circuit affirmed the trial courts issuance of the
partial injunction limiting the issuance of drilling permits and
withdrew the total ban on issuing permits entered by the Court of
Appeals.
During the pendency of the
Ninth Circuit case, on February 2, 2007, in response to the orders
issued by the Federal District Court for the District of Montana,
BLM published the Draft Supplement to the Montana Statewide Oil
and Gas Environmental Impact Statement and Amendment to the Powder
River and Billings Resource Management Plan (SEIS).
Public comments were received on the draft SEIS on May 2, 2007.
On June 6, 2007, BLM responded to EPA concerns regarding the analysis
of air quality impacts in the draft SEIS by committing to prepare
Supplemental Air Quality Analyses for public comment by September
2007. On December 14, 2007, BLM issued the Supplemental Air Quality
Analyses for public comment. This public comment period will end
on March 13, 2008. The draft SEIS attempts to address the Federal
District Courts concerns.
Although this decision could
result in a continued suspension of the states authority to
issue new drilling permits or could effect the continued viability
of existing permits in Montana, we believe that the decisions by
the Federal Bureau of Land Management and the State of Montana ultimately
will be upheld on appeal and/or BLMs reconsideration will
address the Federal District Courts concerns and new coalbed
methane development will continue to be authorized in Montana. There
can be no assurance that any new permits will be obtained in a given
time period or at all.
|
|